CTFL4認定内容 & CTFL4オンライン試験

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BCS CTFL4 認定試験の出題範囲：

トピック	出題範囲
トピック 1	Test Analysis and Design: It focuses on black-box and the collaboration-based test approach.
トピック 2	Test Tools: The topic discusses classification of tools. It also focuses on the risks and benefits of test automation.
トピック 3	Fundamentals of Testing: It discusses the basic principles related to testing. The topic evaluates your understandings about the test process.

>> CTFL4認定内容 <<

CTFL4オンライン試験 & CTFL4認定資格試験問題集

私たちは常に新しい知識を習得していますが、常に忘れられているプロセスであり、この問題を解決する方法を常に忘れてしまいます。答えは良い記憶方法を持つことです。CTFL4試験問題はうまくいきます。この点について。 CTFL4の実際の試験教材には独自の学習方法があり、従来の暗記学習を放棄し、テキストとグラフィックスの記憶方法の組み合わせなど、多様な記憶パターンを採用して、知識の記憶を区別します。 CTFL4学習リファレンスファイルは非常に科学的で合理的であるため、安全に購入できます。

BCS ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 認定 CTFL4 試験問題 (Q48-Q53):

質問 # 48
Which review type, also known as a "buddy check", is commonly used in Agile development?

A. Inspection.
B. Technical review.
C. Informal review.
D. Walkthrough.

正解：C

解説：
In Agile development, an informal review, often referred to as a "buddy check," is a common review type. Informal reviews are unstructured and involve a pair of colleagues reviewing each other's work to identify defects early and provide immediate feedback. This type of review is less formal than inspections or walkthroughs and is particularly suitable for Agile environments where rapid feedback and flexibility are essential.

質問 # 49
What is test oracle?

A. The source of lest objectives
B. The source of expected results
C. The source of input conditions
D. The source for the actual results

正解：B

解説：
A test oracle is a mechanism or principle that can be used to determine whether the observed behavior or output of a system under test is correct or not1. A test oracle can be based on various sources of expected results, such as specifications, user expectations, previous versions, comparable systems, etc2. References:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level(CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.2.1, Page 91; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, Page 332.

質問 # 50
Which ONE of the following options BEST describes thethird test quadrant (Q3)?

A. This test quadrant contains functional tests, examples, user story tests, user experience prototypes, API testing, and simulations. These tests check the acceptance criteria and can be manual or automated.
B. This test quadrant is technology-facing and supports the team. These tests should be automated and included in the continuous integration (CI) process.
C. This test quadrant contains smoke tests and non-functional tests (except usability tests). These tests are often automated.
D. This test quadrant is business-facing and criticizes the system. It contains exploratory testing, usability testing, and user acceptance testing.

正解：D

解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:TheAgile Testing Quadrantsframework categorizes tests based on theirpurpose and audience:
* Quadrant 1 (Q1): Technology-facing tests (unit and component tests).
* Quadrant 2 (Q2): Business-facing tests supporting development (e.g., BDD tests).
* Quadrant 3 (Q3):Business-facing tests that critique the system (B).
* Includesusability testing, exploratory testing, and UATto ensure software meets user expectations.
* Quadrant 4 (Q4): Technology-facing tests that critique the system (e.g., performance, security testing).
Option B correctly defines Q3since it focuses onevaluating the user experience, exploring the system, and validating business expectations.

質問 # 51
Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique

A. Where a team of testers explores all possible test techniques in order to determine the most suitable combination of these techniques to apply for a test project.
B. Where a developer and a tester work together on the same workstation while the developer actively writes code, the tester explores the code to find defects.
C. That can be organised into sessions guided by test charters outlining test objectives that will guide the testers' exploration
D. That aims at finding defects by designing tests that exercise all possible combinations of input values and preconditions

正解：C

解説：
Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique where testers actively engage with the software, learning about its behavior while simultaneously designing and executing tests. According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus, exploratory testing can be structured into sessions guided by test charters, which outline the test objectives and provide direction for the testers' exploration. This method is particularly useful in situations where test documentation is limited or where rapid feedback is needed. Thus, option B correctly describes how exploratory testing can be organized.

質問 # 52
Which of the following statements is true?

A. A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure
B. Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions
C. Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels
D. A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error

正解：B

解説：
Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions. A failure is an event in which the software system does not perform a required function or performs a function incorrectly, according to the expected behavior. A defect is a flaw in the software system or a deviation from the requirements or the specifications, that may cause a failure. However, not all failures are caused by defects, as some failures may be caused by environmental conditions, such as hardware malfunctions, network interruptions, power outages, incompatible configurations, etc. Environmental conditions are factors that affect the operation of the software system, but are not part of the software system itself. The other statements are false, because:
A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure. This statement is false, because a defect may or may not produce a failure, depending on the inputs, the outputs, the states, or the scenarios of the software system, and a bug is just another term for a defect, so it has the same possibility of producing a failure as a defect. For example, a defect in a rarely used feature or a hidden branch of the code may never produce a failure, while a defect in a frequently used feature or a critical path of the code may produce a failure often. A bug is not a different concept from a defect, but rather a synonym or a colloquial term for a defect, so it has the same definition and implications as a defect.
A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error. This statement is false, because an error is not a consequence of a failure, but rather a cause of a defect. An error is a human action or a mistake that produces a defect in the software system, such as a typo, a logic flaw, a requirement misunderstanding, etc. An error is not observable in the software system, but rather in the human mind or the human work products, such as the code, the design, the documentation, etc. A failure is not a cause of an error, but rather a result of a defect, which is a result of an error. For example, an error in the code may cause a defect in the software system, which may cause a failure in the software behavior.
Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels. This statement is false, because bugs and failures are not different types of defects, but rather different terms for defects and their manifestations. As mentioned before, bugs are just another word for defects, and failures are the events in which the software system does not perform as expected due to defects. Bugs and failures can be found at any test level, not only at component testing or higher test levels. Test levels are the stages of testing that correspond to the levels of integration of the software system, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Defects and failures can occur and be detected at any test level, depending on the test objectives, the test basis, the test techniques, and the test environment. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.2, Testing and Quality1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1 ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Failure, Defect, Bug, Environmental Condition, Error, Test Level2

質問 # 53
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